There has been much discussion about the Godhead and the concept of the Trinity. Are God the Father, God the Son and the Holy Spirit equal in all things? Was Jesus the Son of God before He came to earth? Is the Spirit a "He" or an "It" (no gender)?

I will answer the easiest part first. The Holy Spirit is a He, not an It.

The third person of the trinity, who exercises the power of the Father and the Son in creation and redemption

John 15:26

26 "When the Counselor (Holy Spirit) comes, whom I will send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth who goes out from the Father, he will testify about me. NIV

TRINITY: The coexistence of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit in the unity of the Godhead (divine nature or essence). The doctrine of the trinity means that within the being and activity of the one God there are three distinct persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Although the word trinity does not appear in the Bible, the "trinitarian formula" is mentioned in the Great Commission (Matt 28:19) and in the benediction of the apostle Paul's Second Epistle to the Corinthians (2 Cor 13:14).

The following are two times the three are spoken of in the same context. Matthew 28:19-20

19 Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20 and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age." NIV

2 Corinthians 13:14

14 May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all. NIV

Jesus is only referred to as the Son of God one time prior to the recording of the New Testament.

Daniel 3:25

25 He answered and said, Lo, I see four men loose, walking in the midst of the fire, and they have no hurt; and the form of the fourth is like the Son of God. KJV (King James Version)

In the NIV he is referred to about 48 times as the Son of God. The NIV does not give any Old Testament reference to the Son of God.

In an obvious reference to the Son of God, he is spoken of as the Word as being in the beginning with God.

John 1:1-2